What is the purpose of Light Detection and Ranging (LIDAR)?

Light Detection and Ranging (LIDAR) is a remote sensing technology that uses laser light to densely sample the Earth's surface. It captures precise information about the elevation of terrain, vegetation characteristics, and hydrographic features. By emitting laser pulses and measuring the time it takes for the light to return after bouncing off surfaces, LIDAR can generate detailed three-dimensional information about the environment.

This capability allows for the accurate characterization of the Earth’s surface and hydrological features, providing critical data for various applications such as topographic mapping, flood modeling, forestry management, and environmental monitoring. The technology is particularly useful in areas that may be challenging to assess through traditional surveying methods.

In contrast, the other options do not fully capture the primary purpose of LIDAR. While LIDAR can produce visual illustrations and aerial photographs, its core function extends beyond mere imagery. Option D, which mentions atmospheric analysis, relates to different types of lidar technology focused on measuring atmospheric parameters, but does not encompass the primary use of LIDAR for surface characterization.